Images:
“Category:Spring Hill College.” Wikimedia Commons. Accessed April 18, 2024. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Spring_Hill_College.
“Cathedral Basilica of the Immaculate Conception.” Encyclopedia of Alabama, March 27, 2023. https://encyclopediaofalabama.org/article/cathedral-basilica-of-the-immaculate-conception/.
“Convent and Academy of the Visitation.” Wikipedia, August 6, 2023. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Convent_and_Academy_of_the_Visitation.
“Convent of Mercy (Mobile, Alabama).” Wikipedia, August 6, 2023. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Convent_of_Mercy_%28Mobile,_Alabama%29.
Hilton, Mark. “The Convent of Mercy Historical Marker.” Historical Marker, May 6, 2018. https://www.hmdb.org/m.asp?m=86584.
McGehee, Tom. “Ask Mcgehee: What’s the History of the Catholic Church That Is Closed on Springhill Avenue?” Mobile Bay Magazine, December 30, 2021. https://mobilebaymag.com/history-of-the-closed-catholic-church/.
“McGill Institute, 252 Government Street, Mobile, Mobile County, AL.” The Library of Congress. Accessed April 18, 2024. https://www.loc.gov/item/al0504/.
“Most Pure Heart of Mary Church.” Encyclopedia of Alabama. Accessed April 18, 2024. https://encyclopediaofalabama.org/media/most-pure-heart-of-mary-church/.
St. Mary’s parish history. Accessed April 18, 2024. https://www.stmarymobile.org/st-marys-parish-history.
“St. Vincent de Paul Catholic Church (Mobile, Alabama).” Wikipedia, December 25, 2022. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._Vincent_de_Paul_Catholic_Church_(Mobile,_Alabama).
Documents/Articles/Other Sources
Andrew S. Moore, “Anti-Catholicism, Anti-Protestantism, and Race in Civil Rights Era Alabama and Georgia,” Journal of Southern Religion 8, , 2005 [accessed 15 January 2006]
Archbishop Thomas Joseph Toolen Collection. Archdiocese of Mobile Archives. The Catholic Center, Mobile, Alabama
“Archbishop’s Letter On Integration of Schools,” Catholic Week, 1 May 1964
History & Statistics . Accessed 2024. https://mobarch.org/history.
McGill-Toolen Catholic High School. McGill. (n.d.). https://www.mcgill-toolen.org/
Mobile Alabama~bishop Toolen High School~1930s real photo postcard~RPPC. Worthpoint. (n.d.). https://www.worthpoint.com/worthopedia/mobile-alabama-bishop-toolen-high-1849778205
Padgett, Charles Stephen. “Hidden from History, Shielded from Harm: Desegregation as Spring Hill College, 1954-1957.” Alabama Review 56, no. 4 (October 2003): 278-310. ________. “‘Without Hysteria or Unnecessary Disturbance’: Desegregation at Spring Hill College, Mobile, Alabama, 1948-1954.” History of Education Quarterly 41, no. 2 (Summer 2001): 167-188.
Walker, L. (2003). American Homes: An illustrated encyclopedia of domestic architecture. Black Dog & Leventhal.
We Built This City: Tradesmen, Builders & Architects, 1837-1940 https://www.mobilehd.org/pub_builtcity_permits.html